Keywords
Pancasila student character; CFA; instrument development
Document Type
Article
Abstract
This study aims to prove construct validity and estimate construct reliability of the character scale of Pancasila students by using confirmatory factor analysis. The research approach used is quantitative with a sample of 200 high school students selected at random. This study measured the variables by six aspects, 15 indicators, and 20 questions. The six aspects include faith and piety to God Almighty, global nationality, cooperation, independence, critical reasoning, and creativity. The data analysis technique used is confirmatory factor analysis. The study results concluded that the instrument for assessing the character of Pancasila students in high school had a loading factor of more than 0.4 and a value of more than 0.96 which was declared valid and significant. Likewise, the instrument has been declared fit in testing the goodness of fit model. Thus, this finding indicates that the observed and performance covariance matrices are not significantly different. This study recommends a scale to measure the character of Pancasila students in senior high school.
Page Range
186-198
Issue
2
Volume
10
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
10.21831/reid.v10i2.44920
Recommended Citation
Mistiani, W., Istiyono, E., Syamsudin, A., & Ghazali, N. H. (2024). Developing a Pancasila students' character instrument: Proof of construct validity and estimation of construct reliability. REID (Research and Evaluation in Education), 10(2). https://doi.org/10.21831/reid.v10i2.44920
References
Amalia, E. (2019). Good governance for zakat institutions in Indonesia: A confirmatory factor analysis. Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities, 27(3), 1815-1827. http://www.pertanika.upm.edu.my/pjssh/browse/regular-issue?article=JSSH-3761-2018
Arbuckle, J. L. (1997). Amos user's guide version 3.6. SmallWaters Corporation.
Bialik, M., Bogan, M., Fadel, C., & Horvathova, M. (2015) Character education for the 21st century: What should students learn? Center for Curriculum Redesign. https://curriculumredesign.org/wp-content/uploads/CCR-CharacterEducation_FINAL_27Feb2015.pdf
Brown, T. A., & Moore, M. T. (2012). Confirmatory factor analysis. Handbook of Structural equation modeling. The Guildford Press.
Catalán, H. E. N., & Gordon, D. (2020). The importance of reliability and construct validity in multidimensional poverty measurement: An illustration using the multidimensional poverty index for Latin America (MPI-LA). The Journal of Development Studies, 56(9), 1763-1783. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2019.1663176
Center for Educational Assessment. (2019). Model penilaian karakter. Center for Educational Assessment of the Republic of Indonesia.
Chen, C. S. (2002). Self-regulated learning strategies and achievements in an introduction to information system course. Information Technology, Learning, and Performance Journal, 20(1), 11–25.
Facione, P. A. (2011). Critical thinking: What it is and why it counts. Insight assessment, 2007(1), 1-23. https://www.law.uh.edu/blakely/advocacy-survey/Critical%20Thinking%20Skills.pdf
Facione, P. A., & Gittens, C. A. (2015). Think critically (3rd ed.). Pearson.
Ferdinand, A. (2002). Structural equation modeling dalam penelitian manajemen. Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro.
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error: Algebra and statistics. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(3), 382-388. https://doi.org/10.2307/3150980
Ghozali, I., & Fuad. (2014). Structural equation modeling: Teori, konsep, dan aplikasi dengan program Lisrel 9.10. Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro.
Hadar, L. L., & Tirosh, M. (2019). Creative thinking in mathematics curriculum: An analytic framework. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 33(7), 100585. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2019.100585
Hoyle, R. H. (2004). Confirmatory factor analysis. In M. Lewis-Beck., & T. Liao (Eds.), Encyclopedia of social science research methods (pp. 169-174). SAGE Publications, Inc.
Huck, S. W. (2007). Reading statistics and research. Allyn & Bacon.
Janmohamed, S. (2017). Generation M: generasi muda Muslim dan cara mereka membentuk dunia. Bentang.
Khilmiyah, A., Sumarno, & Zuchdi, D. (2015). Pengembangan model penilaian keterampilan intrapribadi dan antarpribadi dalam pendidikan karakter di sekolah dasar. Jurnal Penelitian dan Evaluasi Pendidikan, 19(1), 1-12. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/pep.v19i1.4550
Kline, P. (2014). An easy guide to factor analysis. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315788135
Kurfiss, J. (1988). Critical thinking: Theory, research, practice, and possibilities. Association for the Study of Higher Education.
Latan, H. (2012). Structural equation modeling konsep dan aplikasi menggunakan LISREL 8.80. Alfabeta. https://cvalfabeta.com/product/structural-equation-modeling/
Law Number 17 of 2007 concerning the National Long-Term Development Plan for 2005-2025. (2007). Republic of Indonesia.
Law Number 20 of 2003 concerning the National Education System. (2003). Republic of Indonesia.
MacCallum, R. C., Widaman, K. F., Zhang, S., & Hong, S. (1999). Sample size in factor analysis. Psychological Methods, 4(1), 84-99. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/1082-989X.4.1.84
McGregor, D. (2007). Developing thinking; developing learning. McGraw-Hill Education (UK).
Ministry of Education and Culture. (2020). Pelajar Pancasila. Centre for Character Strengthening. https://cerdasbercharacter.kemdikbud.go.id/
Nasir, Sappaile, B. I., & Arafah, K. (2015). Pendeteksian pelaksanaan supervisi akademik pengawas sekolah pada SMA negeri di Kota Baubau melalui analisis faktor konfirmatori (CFA). Proceedings of the Annual Scientific Conference of Himpunan Evaluasi Pendidikan Indonesia (pp. 126-138). Universitas Negeri Makassar. https://eprints.unm.ac.id/16568/1/PENDETEKSIAN%20PELAKSANAAN%20SUPERVISI%20AKADEMIK%20PENGAWAS%20SEKOLAH%20PADA%20SMA%20NEGERI%20DI%20KOTA%20BAUBAU%20MELALUI%20ANALISIS%20FAKTOR%20KONFIRMATORI%20%28CFA%29.pdf
Ormrod, J.E. (2008). Learning theories and instruction (Custom ed.). HPB-Emerald.
O'Rourke, N., & Hatcher, L. (2013). A step-by-step approach to using SAS® for factor analysis and structural equation modelling. SAS Institute Inc. https://support.sas.com/content/dam/SAS/support/en/books/a-step-by-step-approach-to-using-sas-for-factor-analysis/61314_excerpt.pdf
Pedhazur, E. J. (1997). Multiple regression in behavioral research: Explanation and prediction. Thompson Learning.
Piirto, J. (2011). Creativity for 21st century skills. Springer. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6091-463-8
Pintrich, P. R., Roeser, R. W., & De Groot, E. V. (1994). Classroom and individual differences in early adolescents' motivational and self-regulated learning. Journal of Early Adolescence, 14(2), 139–161. https://doi.org/10.1177/027243169401400204
Prudon, P. (2015). Confirmatory factor analysis as a tool in research using questionnaires: A critique. Comprehensive Psychology, 4(10), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.2466/03.CP.4.10
Ritter, S. M., & Mostert, D. (2017). Peningkatan keterampilan berpikir kreatif menggunakan pelatihan kreativitas berbasis kognitif. Jurnal Peningkatan Kognitif, 1, 243–253. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41465-016-0002-3
Sarwono, Y. (2010). Basic understanding of structural equation modeling (SEM). Business Management Science.
Selman, Y. F., & Jaedun, A. (2020). Evaluation of the implementation of 4C skills in Indonesian subject at senior high schools. Jurnal Pendidikan Indonesia (JPI), 9 (2), 244-257. https://ejournal.undiksha.ac.id/index.php/JPI/article/view/23459
Supriyadi, E., Zamtinah, Sunaryo, S. & Yuwono, I. H. (2019). A character-based assessment model for vocational high schools. Cakrawala Pendidikan, 38(2),269-281. https://doi:10.21831/cp. v38i2.24099
Syamsudin, A., Budiyono, B., & Sutrisno, S. (2016). Model of affective assessment of primary school students. REID (Research and Evaluation in Education), 2(1), 25-41. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/reid.v2i1.8307
Wahyuningsih, S., Zuchron, D. & Purnawinarni, E. (2021). Tunas Pancasila sebagai duta profil pelajar pancasila di sekolah dasar. Direktorat Sekolah Dasar. https://ditpsd.kemdikbud.go.id/buku/detail/tunas-pancasila-sebagai-duta-profil-pelajar-pancasila-di-sekolah-dasar
Widhiarso, W. (2009). Estimasi reliabilitas pengukuran dalam pendekatan model persamaan structural. Buletin Psikologi, 17(1), 33-38. https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/buletinpsikologi/article/view/11480/8544
Williams, B., Onsman, A., & Brown, T. (2010). Exploratory factor analysis: A five-step guide for novices. Australasian Journal of Paramedicine, 8(3), 1-13.https://doi.org/10.33151/ajp.8.3.93
World Economic Forum. (2016). New vision for education: fostering social and emotional learning through technology. Prepared in collaboration with the Boston Consulting Group. World Economic Forum. https://www.weforum.org/publications/new-vision-for-education-fostering-social-and-emotional-learning-through-technology/
Yadama, G. N., & Pandey, S. (1995). Effect of sample size on goodness-of-fit indices in structural equation models. Journal of Social Service Research, 20(3-4), 49-70. https://doi.org/10.1300/J079v20n03_03
Zimmerman, B. J., & Schunk, D. H. (2004). Self-regulating intellectual processes and outcomes: A social cognitive perspective. In D. Y. Dai & R. J. Sternberg (Eds.), Motivation, emotion, and cognition: Integrative perspectives on intellectual functioning and development (pp. 323–349). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
Zuchdi, D. (2011). Pendidikan karakter dalam perspektif teori dan praktek. UNY Press.
