Duties of Editors
Publication decisions
The editorial board of the journal is responsible for deciding which submitted articles will be published. Board members consult with reviewers and take their recommendations into account while ensuring compliance with legal requirements related to libel, copyright infringement, and plagiarism. Editorial decisions are made impartially and are not influenced by the manuscript's origins, including the authors' nationality, ethnicity, political beliefs, race, or religion.

Confidentiality, disclosure, and conflicts of interest
During the review process, editors are required to maintain the confidentiality of information related to a submitted manuscript, sharing it only with the corresponding author, reviewers, potential reviewers, and other editorial advisers. Unpublished material from a submitted manuscript must not be utilized in the editor's, reviewer's, or any other reader's own research without the explicit written consent of the author. Furthermore, readers should be informed about the funding sources for the research or scholarly work, as well as any role the funders may have played in the research or its publication, including details of their involvement if applicable.

Author relations
Editors are dedicated to ensuring that the peer review process at the journal is fair, unbiased, and timely. The journal has established policies to manage submissions from editorial board members in a manner that upholds impartiality. Furthermore, author instructions provide guidance on the criteria for authorship.

Reviewer relations
The journal encourages reviewers to address ethical concerns and potential misconduct in submissions, such as unethical research design or inappropriate data manipulation, and to remain vigilant for issues like redundant publication and plagiarism. Reviewers' comments should be shared with authors in their entirety, except in cases where they contain offensive or defamatory remarks. The journal regularly acknowledges the contributions of reviewers and will discontinue the use of those who consistently provide discourteous, low-quality, or late reviews.

Quality assurance
Editors should take all reasonable measures to ensure the quality of the material they publish, recognizing that different sections may have varying aims and standards. They should confirm that the research has been approved by an appropriate body, such as a research ethics committee or institutional review board, where applicable. Additionally, editors must be vigilant regarding intellectual property issues and work with their publishers to address any potential breaches of laws and conventions. Any errors, inaccuracies, or misleading statements must be corrected promptly and prominently.

Duties of Reviewers
Contribution to editorial decisions
Reviewers assist the editorial board in making editorial decisions. Reviews should be conducted objectively, with observations clearly articulated and supported by reasoned arguments, enabling authors to use this feedback to enhance their manuscript. Personal criticism of the author is considered inappropriate.

Qualification of reviewers
Any reviewer who feels unqualified to assess the research in a manuscript or is unable to complete the review in a timely manner should notify the editor and withdraw from the review process. Reviewers should also refrain from reviewing manuscripts if they have conflicts of interest arising from competitive, collaborative, or other relationships with any of the authors, companies, or institutions associated with the paper.

Confidentiality
Any manuscripts received for review must be treated as confidential documents. Information or ideas acquired through the peer review process are privileged and must be kept confidential; they should not be used for personal advantage.

Acknowledgment of sources
Reviewers should identify relevant published work that the authors have not cited and ensure that references to others' ideas are appropriately credited. Additionally, reviewers should inform the editor of any significant similarities or overlaps between the manuscript and any other published papers they are personally aware of.

Duties of Authors
Reporting standards
Authors of original research reports should provide an accurate account of their work and present an objective discussion of its significance. The data included in the paper must be represented accurately. Authors should be prepared to make raw data publicly accessible in relation to the paper and must retain this data for at least two years following publication. Fraudulent or knowingly inaccurate statements are deemed unethical and unacceptable.

Originality, plagiarism, and concurrent publication
Authors must ensure that their work is entirely original and that any contributions or ideas from others are appropriately acknowledged. Plagiarism in all its forms is considered unethical publishing behavior and is unacceptable. Furthermore, submitting essentially the same manuscript to multiple journals simultaneously is also regarded as unethical and unacceptable.

Disclosure and conflicts of interest
All authors must disclose any financial or substantial conflicts of interest in their manuscript that could be perceived as influencing the results or interpretation of their work. Additionally, all sources of financial support for the project should be clearly stated.

Authorship of the paper
The corresponding author is responsible for ensuring that all appropriate co-authors are included in the paper and that no inappropriate co-authors are listed. All co-authors must have reviewed and approved the final version of the paper and consented to its submission for publication. Individuals who have made significant contributions should be listed as co-authors, while those who have participated in substantive aspects of the research project should be acknowledged or listed as contributors.

Fundamental errors in published works
If an author identifies a significant error or inaccuracy in a published work, it is their responsibility to promptly inform the journal editor and collaborate with the editor to retract or correct the paper.

Plagiarism Policies
The journal maintains a strict policy against plagiarism, prohibiting the use of others’ ideas, words, or work without proper acknowledgment. Submissions that contain plagiarism in whole or in part, as well as those involving duplicate or redundant publication, or self-plagiarism (in the same or different language), will be rejected. Works archived in preprint form are not considered duplicate publications. The corresponding author is responsible for the manuscript throughout the evaluation and publication process and has the authority to act on behalf of all co-authors. All submitted manuscripts are checked for plagiarism using Turnitin, and those with an unacceptable similarity index resulting from plagiarism are rejected immediately.

Withdrawal of Manuscripts
Authors are not permitted to withdraw submitted manuscripts, as doing so would waste the valuable time and resources of editors and reviewers who have invested significant effort in processing the submissions. However, if authors do not receive any progress updates after six months, they may suggest withdrawal of their manuscript, and notifications to the Editorial Board must be made.

Corrections, Expressions of Concern, and Retraction
Corrections to a published article may be made with the editor's authorization. Editors will determine the extent of the necessary corrections. Minor corrections will be made directly to the original article, while major corrections will be addressed by publishing a corrected version alongside the unchanged original. Both versions will be linked to one another, and a statement explaining the reason for the major change will also be published. If necessary, article retractions will be conducted in accordance with COPE retraction guidelines.

Conflict of Interest
All authors of articles are required to disclose any conflicts of interest related to the publication of the manuscript, including any associations with institutions or products mentioned in the manuscript that may influence the study's outcomes. Additionally, authors must disclose conflicts of interest involving competing products. If an author is uncertain about whether a competing interest should be disclosed, they should consult their institution or the journal editor for guidance.

If no competing interests exist, the following statement will be included in the article: "The authors declare that they have no competing interests."

Research Ethics and Consent
Studies in Humans, Animals, and Plants
All original research papers involving humans, animals, plants, biological material, protected or non-public datasets, collections, or sites must include a written statement in an Ethics Approval section that encompasses the following:

• The name of the ethics committee(s) or institutional review board(s) involved.
• The number or ID of the ethics approval(s).
• A statement confirming that human participants provided informed consent prior to participation in the research.

For research involving animals, adherence to ethical standards concerning animal welfare is mandatory. All original research papers involving animals must:

• Comply with international, national, and institutional guidelines for the humane treatment of animals.
• Obtain approval from the ethics review committee at the institution or facility where the research was conducted, including details on the approval process, the names of the ethics committee(s) or institutional review board(s) involved, and the number or ID of the ethics approval(s) in the Ethics Approval section.
• Justify the use of animals and specify the species selected.
• Provide information regarding housing, feeding, and environmental enrichment, as well as measures taken to minimize suffering.
• Detail the methods of anesthesia and euthanasia used.

Research that fails to meet the aforementioned ethical approval and animal welfare requirements will be rejected.

Allegations of Misconduct

REID (Research and Evaluation in Education) follows COPE concerns about allegations of misconduct.

Plagiarism
Plagiarism includes, but is not limited to:

• Directly copying text from other sources without attribution
• Copying ideas, images, or data from other sources without attribution
• Reusing text from your own previous publications without attribution or agreement of the editor
• Exception: Reusing text from the Methods section in the author’s previous publications, with attribution to the source, is acceptable.
• Using an idea from another source with slightly modified language without attribution.
• If plagiarism is detected during the peer review process, the manuscript may be rejected. If plagiarism is detected after publication, we may issue a correction or retract the paper as appropriate.

Data fabrication

• This relates to the creation of research results.
• Alleged falsified data in a submitted paper.
• Alleged falsified data in a published paper.

Data falsification
Manipulating research data with the intention of giving a false impression. This includes manipulating images (e.g., micrographs, gels, radiological images), removing outliers or “inconvenient” results, changing, adding or omitting data points, etc.

Duplicate submissions
Authors must declare upon submission that the manuscript is not being considered elsewhere. The detection of a duplicate submission or publication is generally regarded as a deliberate act, including articles previously published in another language. For permissible secondary submissions or publications (e.g., a translated article), authors must obtain permission from the publisher and copyright holder of the original article and inform the editor of the receiving journal about the original article's history. Additionally, it must be clearly indicated to readers that the manuscript is a translated version, with a citation to the original article included.

Authorship Issues
Clear policies (that allow for transparency around who contributed to the work and in what capacity) should be in place for requirements for authorship and contributorship, as well as processes for managing potential disputes.

Citation Manipulation
Citation Manipulation includes excessive citations in the submitted manuscript that do not contribute to the scholarly content of the article and have been included solely for the purpose of increasing citations to a given author’s work or to articles published in a particular journal. This leads to misrepresenting the importance of the specific work and journal in which it appears and is thus a form of scientific misconduct.

Suspected Manipulation of Peer Review/Bias of Peer Reviews
REID (Research and Evaluation in Education) selects the reviewers on any manuscript with due care so as to avoid any conflict of interest between the reviewers and the authors. Our policy is compliant with COPE Guidelines on peer review

Errata and Corrigenda
Changes/additions to accepted articles
All content in published articles undergoes an editorial review process, overseen by the editor. If authors wish to make additions to their article after it has been accepted, they must submit a request to the editor, and the new content will be reviewed.

If the new material is intended to be added to the accepted article, it must be submitted as a new manuscript for peer review, with a reference to the original work.

If the new material is meant to replace content in the accepted article, the editor may consider publishing an erratum or a corrigendum.

Erratum
An erratum is issued to correct errors introduced by the publisher. Any changes made by the publisher are flagged for the author during the proofing stage, and it is the author’s responsibility to identify and request corrections before the article’s final publication.

Corrigendum
A corrigendum refers to a correction that the author wishes to make at any time after the article has been accepted. Authors should contact the journal editor, who will assess the significance of the change and determine the appropriate course of action.