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Contents
AUTHOR INFORMATION
Before Submission
Please ensure that your manuscript meets the following criteria:
- Original Work: Your manuscript must be original and not published or currently under review with another journal or conference proceedings.
- Research Ethics: Your work must comply with all relevant research ethics. If your study involves human or animal subjects, the manuscript should include a separate section titled "Ethics Approval."
- Language Quality: The manuscript should be well-written in English, free of grammatical and spelling errors.
- Formatting: The manuscript must be edited according to the REID (Research and Evaluation in Education) [template].
- Figures: Your figures should be of acceptable quality, uploaded as separate files, and numbered accordingly.
- References: References must be formatted correctly in APA (7th edition).
- Quality Standards: Only manuscripts of sufficient quality that align with the aims and scope of the journal will be reviewed.
- Conflicts of Interest: Authors must disclose any potential conflicts of interest in a section titled "Conflicts of Interest," detailing how these interests might create a conflict. If there are no conflicts, please state, “The author(s) declare(s) that there is no conflict of interest concerning the publication of this paper.” It is the responsibility of the submitting authors to ensure that all co-authors disclose their interests.
- Funding Disclosure: Authors must disclose any current or recent funding (including for article processing charges) and any other payments, goods, or services that could potentially influence their work. All sources of funding, regardless of whether they pose a conflict of interest, should be mentioned in the ‘Acknowledgments’ section.
- Guidelines Compliance: Manuscripts must adhere to the guidelines of REID (Research and Evaluation in Education) outlined below.
Submissions that do not conform to these guidelines will be rejected or returned to the author prior to the peer review process.
Preparation of Manuscripts
- Authors should submit their manuscripts to the editorial office as Word files (Word 2007 or higher) via the online Manuscript Tracking System.
- The original manuscript must be formatted with single line spacing, using Garamond font (12 pt), and fully justified on both the right and left sides.
- The text should be presented in a single-column format with justified margins.
- Appropriate use of boldface, italics, subscripts, and superscripts is encouraged.
- To minimize errors, authors are strongly advised to utilize the "spell-check" and "grammar-check" functions available in their word processing software.
- Continuous line numbering should be applied throughout the text, and all manuscript pages must be numbered.
- Equations should be created using the equation editor or MathType.
- Tables should be constructed using the table function.
- A maximum of three heading levels should be employed.
Conflict of Interest
All authors must disclose any relationships or interests that could improperly influence or bias their work. Potential conflicts of interest include, but are not limited to, financial interests (such as membership, employment, consultancies, stock ownership, honoraria, grants or other funding, paid expert testimonies, and patent-licensing agreements) and non-financial interests (such as personal or professional relationships, affiliations, or personal beliefs).
Examples of disclosures are as follows:
- Conflicts of Interest: Author A has received research grants from Company A. Author B has received a speaker honorarium from Company X and owns stocks in Company Y. Author C has served as a consultant and expert witness for Company Z. Author D is the inventor of patent X.
- If no conflicts exist, the authors should state:
"Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflicts of interest."
Initial Evaluation
All submitted manuscripts will undergo a review by the Editorial Office to ensure they are properly prepared and adhere to the journal's ethical policies. Additionally, all manuscripts will be screened for potential plagiarism using Turnitin software. Manuscripts that do not comply with the journal's ethics policy or fail to meet its standards will be rejected prior to peer review. Incomplete manuscripts that are not formatted according to the advised style will be returned to the authors without scientific review.
Following these initial checks, the Editorial Office will consult with the journal’s Editor-in-Chief to assess whether the manuscript aligns with the journal's scope and is scientifically sound. Manuscripts deemed to have insufficient priority for publication will be promptly rejected. Authors are advised to write their text in proficient English, as the Editor reserves the right to reject a manuscript based on inadequate language quality. Rejection decisions made at this stage will be verified by the Editor-in-Chief.
Submission Declaration and Verification
The submission of an article signifies that the work described has not been previously published (except in the form of an abstract, published lecture, or academic thesis), that it is not currently under consideration for publication elsewhere, that all authors have approved its publication, and that the responsible authorities where the work was conducted have also approved it, either tacitly or explicitly. If accepted, the work will not be published elsewhere in the same form, in English or any other language, including electronically, without the written consent of the copyright holder. To ensure originality, all manuscripts submitted to REID (Research and Evaluation in Education) are screened using Crossref Similarity Check powered by Turnitin to detect any plagiarized content.
Article Structure
The manuscript should be anonymized, omitting any author names or identifying information, and compiled in the following order:
- Manuscript Title
- Abstract
- Keywords
- Full Manuscript (including the following sections: Introduction, Method, Results and Discussion [which may be combined into one section or divided into two subsections: Results and Discussion], Conclusion, Acknowledgments, Conflicts of Interest, and References)
- Tables
- Figures
Title page
The title page should include the following elements in English:
- Title: The title should be brief, concise, and descriptive. It must not contain any literature references, compound numbers, or non-standardized abbreviations. The title should be centered, in sentence case, typed in Garamond 14-point font, and boldface.
- Authors and Affiliations: Provide given names, middle names (or initials), and family names for complete identification. This information should be centered beneath the title and typed in Garamond 12-point font, non-italic, and boldface. Use superscript numbers to indicate different affiliations, which should be as detailed as possible and must include the department, faculty/college, university, city with zip code or P.O. Box, and country.
- Corresponding Author: The corresponding author should be indicated with an asterisk. Their contact details (telephone number and email address) should be included in a footnote. If available, include the 16-digit ORCID of the corresponding author.
- Short Running Title: A short running title (running head) should be provided, with a maximum length of 80 characters.
Abstract
The abstract should be self-contained, free of citations, and not exceed 300 words. It must succinctly describe the purpose of the study, the methods employed in the investigation, the most significant results, and the principal conclusions derived from those results. Nonstandard or uncommon abbreviations should be defined at their first mention within the abstract. The abstract should be typed in Garamond, 10-point font, non-italic, and non-boldface.
Keywords
Authors are requested to provide 4 to 6 keywords, separated by semicolons. These keywords should be typed in Garamond, 10-point font, non-italic, and non-boldface.
Introduction
This section should be succinct yet clear. The author(s) should aim to define the significance of the work and provide a justification for its publication. Any background discussion should be brief and focused solely on relevant material.
Method
This section should provide sufficient detail to enable the replication of all procedures. It may be divided into subsections if multiple methods are described. Authors should aim for conciseness in their experimental descriptions. The experimental section must include all necessary information to ensure reproducibility. Previously published methods should be cited, with only relevant modifications detailed. All data concerning research subjects or participants must be kept confidential and anonymized for ethical reasons. For statistical analysis, please specify the appropriate test(s) used, along with the hypothesized p-value or significance level (e.g., 0.05).
Findings and Discussion
This section may be combined into one section or divided into two subsections: Findings and Discussion. The study findings should be clear and concise, with the use of tables and figures restricted to data that is essential for conveying the study's message and interpretation. Findings should be presented in a logical sequence across the text, tables, and illustrations.
The discussion should focus on the significance of the results rather than merely repeating them. It should address the implications of the findings, acknowledge any limitations, contextualize the results within existing literature, and suggest directions for future research.
Conclusion
The main conclusion(s) of the study should be presented in a concise statement that highlights the goals of the research and its significance. New hypotheses should be stated when applicable, and recommendations should be included as appropriate.
Acknowledgment(s)
All acknowledgments, if applicable, should be included at the end of the manuscript. Individuals who contributed to the research or manuscript but are not listed as authors should be acknowledged, with their permission.
Conflicts of Interest
Authors must declare all relevant interests that could be perceived as conflicting, explaining why each interest may represent a conflict. If no conflicts exist, the authors should explicitly state this. Submitting authors are responsible for ensuring that all co-authors disclose their interests.
References
References should be indicated according to the American Psychological Association (APA) 7th edition style. Authors are strongly encouraged to utilize reference management applications to assist with the referencing process.
Figures
If the article is accepted, authors will be required to provide the source files for the figures. Each figure should be submitted in a separate electronic file. All figures must be cited in the manuscript in consecutive order. Figures should be provided in either vector formats (such as Illustrator, EPS, WMF, FreeHand, CorelDraw, PowerPoint, Excel, etc.) or bitmap formats (including Photoshop, TIFF, GIF, JPEG, etc.). Bitmap images should have a minimum resolution of 300 dpi unless intentionally set to a lower level for scientific reasons. If a bitmap image contains labels, the image and labels should be embedded in separate layers. Figures should be referred to as Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3, and so forth, using Arabic numerals. Ensure that all tables, figures, and schemes are cited in the text in numerical order, and denote parts of figures with lowercase letters (a, b, c, etc.).
Tables
Tables should be cited consecutively in the text. Each table must have a descriptive title, and if numerical measurements are provided, the units should be included in the column headings. Vertical rules should not be used. Figure and table captions should be in 12-point Garamond, non-boldface, and non-italic. Only the first word of the caption should be capitalized. Figure captions should be placed below the figures, while table titles should be fully justified on both the right and left sides above the table.
Funding Statement
Authors are required to disclose the funding sources for their research and publication by listing the full names of any financial supporters and including their grant numbers in square brackets, if applicable. For example: "This research was funded by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council [grant numbers xxxx, yyyy]; the National Science Foundation [grant number zzzz]; and a Leverhulme Trust Research Project Grant." If the study did not receive specific funding but was conducted as part of the authors' employment, the employer should be named instead. Furthermore, any involvement of the funder in writing, editing, approving, or deciding to publish the manuscript must be disclosed.
Statements & Declarations
In addition to the aforementioned guidelines, manuscripts reporting results from studies involving humans and/or animals should include the following declarations:
Ethics Approval
Authors conducting research involving human or animal subjects should include a statement confirming that the study was approved (or exempted) by the appropriate institutional and/or national research ethics committee, specifying the name of the committee and the reference number, if available. For studies involving animals or their biological materials, authors must provide detailed information regarding the ethical treatment of the animals in their submission. If the study was granted exemption or did not require ethics approval, this should also be clearly stated in the manuscript.
Example Statements: “This study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was granted by the Ethics Committee of University B (Date.../No. ).”
“This is an observational study. The XYZ Research Ethics Committee has confirmed that no ethical approval is required.”
For detailed information on relevant ethical standards and criteria, please refer to the sections on “Research Involving Human Participants, Their Data or Biological Material” and “Research Involving Animals, Their Data or Biological Material.”
Consent to Participate
For all research involving human subjects, it is essential to obtain freely-given, informed consent from participants (or from their parent or legal guardian in the case of children under 16). A statement confirming this should be included in the manuscript.
Example Statements: “Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.”
“Written informed consent was obtained from the parents of the participants.”
For further guidance on completing this information, please refer to the section on “Consent for Publication.”
Consent to Publish
Individuals may consent to participate in a study but may object to having their data published in a journal article. If your manuscript includes any individual's data in any form (such as personal details, images, or videos), consent for publication must be obtained from that individual, or from their parent or legal guardian in the case of minors. This requirement is especially relevant for case studies. A statement confirming that consent to publish has been obtained from all participants should be included in the manuscript.
Example Statement: “The authors affirm that human research participants provided informed consent for the publication of the images in Figure(s) 1a, 1b, and 1c.”
For additional guidance on completing this information, please refer to the section on “Consent for Publication.”
Proofs
One set of page proofs will be emailed to the corresponding author in PDF format. These proofs should be used solely to review the typesetting, editing, and accuracy of the text, tables, and figures. To ensure a prompt and accurate publication process, it is essential to submit all corrections in a single communication within 48 hours. Proofreading is entirely the author's responsibility. Please note that if no response is received, the publisher may proceed with publication.
Revised Manuscripts
Authors must submit the revised version of their manuscript within one month of receiving the editorial decision. Please note that revision does not guarantee acceptance for publication, as amended submissions may be sent out for reevaluation. In addressing reviewers’ comments, authors should provide their revision and/or response for each comment. If an author disagrees with a reviewer's comment or suggestion, a justification should be provided.
There is no need to resubmit the "Cover Letter" with the revised version. When submitting the revised manuscript, authors are requested to include the reviewers’ remarks along with point-by-point clarifications at the beginning of the revised document. Additionally, changes should be marked using underlined or colored text to facilitate the re-evaluation process. Authors may also utilize the "Track Changes" feature in Microsoft Word. Please upload the revised manuscript as a "Revised Article with Changes Highlighted" file.
After Acceptance
Upon acceptance, your article will be forwarded to production for typesetting. Once the typesetting is completed, you will receive the proofs for review.
Peer Review
All manuscripts undergo peer review and are expected to adhere to high standards of academic excellence. If approved by the editor, submissions will be evaluated by peer reviewers, whose identities will remain anonymous to the authors, and vice versa, ensuring a double-blind review process. The editorial board is responsible for the decision to accept or reject a manuscript based on the reviewers' recommendations.
Our Research Integrity team may occasionally seek external advice outside of the standard peer review process, particularly for submissions with significant ethical, security, biosecurity, or societal implications. This may involve consulting experts or the academic editor before determining appropriate actions, which could include recruiting reviewers with specific expertise, involving additional editors, or deciding not to pursue a submission further.
Supplementary Materials
Authors are permitted to publish online supplementary files alongside their articles. Each supplementary file should include the article title, journal name, authors' names, affiliations, and the email address of the corresponding author. Supplementary files will be published as received from the authors, without any conversion, editing, or reformatting.
Publication Frequency
Biannually (June and December)
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