Pengembangan perangkat pembelajaran berbasis reciprocal teaching berorientasi pada antusiasme dan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa

Authors

Muhammad Afdhal, Program Studi Pendidikan Matematika, Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Sugiman Sugiman, Program Studi Pendidikan Matematika, Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta

Keywords

perangkat pembelajaran, reciprocal teaching, antusiasme, berpikir kritis

Document Type

Article

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan perangkat pembelajaran matematika berupa RPP dan LKS untuk siswa SMP berbasis reciprocal teaching yang valid, praktis, dan efektif berorientasi pada antusiasme dan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan menggunakan model pengembangan 4-D oleh Thiagarajan, Semmel dan Semmel dengan tahapan yang dilakukan meliputi: (1) pendefinisian; (2) perancangan; (3) pengembangan; dan (4) penyebaran. Analisis data dilakukan dengan mengonversi total skor data kuantitatif yang diperoleh menjadi data kualitatif skala lima. Subjek uji coba dalam penelitian ini adalah guru dan siswa kelas VIII SMPN 24 Kota Bengkulu. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa perangkat pembelajaran matematika berbasis reciprocal teaching yang dikembangkan telah memenuhi aspek kevalidan, kepraktisan, dan keefektifan ditinjau dari antusiasme dan kemampuan berpikir kritis matematis. Kevalidan perangkat pembelajaran diperoleh dari hasil validasi ahli yang menunjukkan bahwa RPP dan LKS berada dalam kategori valid berdasarkan analisis Aiken dengan indeks pada RPP sebesar 0,63 dan LKS sebesar 0,62. Kepraktisan perangkat pembelajaran diperoleh dari penilaian guru dan siswa terhadap RPP dan LKS berada pada kategori mudah dilaksanakan dan keterlaksanaan pembelajaran guru dan siswa lebih dari 80%. Keefektifan perangkat pembelajaran ditunjukkan dari persentase siswa yang memiliki antusiasme minimal pada kategori tinggi mencapai 88,89% dan persentase ketuntasan berpikir kritis secara klasikal sebesar 80,00%.

Developing Teaching Kits Based on Reciprocal Teaching Oriented to Enthusiasm and Student's Critical Thinking Ability

Abstract

This research is aimed at developing a mathematics teaching kits consist of lesson plans and student's worksheets for student's of junior high school based on reciprocal teaching which is valid, practical, and effective oriented to enthusiasm and student's critical thinking ability. This research was a research and development study which used the 4-D model developed by Thiagarajan, Semmel and Semmel included: (1) defining; (2) designing; (3) developing; and (4) disseminating. The data analysis of instruments was done by converting the total score of the quantitative data into qualitative data in rating scale of five obtained from the instruments. The try out subjects were teachers and class VIII student's of SMPN 24 Kota Bengkulu. The result of the research shows that the developed mathematics teaching kits based on reciprocal teaching have met the aspects of validity, practicality, and effectiveness oriented to enthusiasm and critical thinking ability. The result of the validation shows that the lessons plan and the student's worksheet are categorized as valid based on the Aiken analysis showing the index for the lesson plan 0.63 and the students' worksheet 0.62. The developed mathematics teaching kits are practical based on assessment of teachers and student's that are in the category of easily implemented and teacher and student's learning achievement more than 80%. The effectiveness of learning instrument was proved by the percentage of student's learning enthusiasm who have reached the high minimum category score is 88.89% and the percentage of critical thinking ability test is 80.00%.

Page Range

173-186

Issue

2

Volume

12

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

10.21831/pg.v12i2.17716

Source

https://journal.uny.ac.id/index.php/pythagoras/article/view/17716

Recommended Citation

Afdhal, M., & Sugiman, S. (2017). Pengembangan perangkat pembelajaran berbasis reciprocal teaching berorientasi pada antusiasme dan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa. PYTHAGORAS : Jurnal Matematika dan Pendidikan Matematika, 12(2), 173-186. https://doi.org/10.21831/pg.v12i2.17716

References

Aiken, L. R. (1980). Content validity and reliability of single item or questionnaires. Educational and psychological measurement. 40, 955-959.

Allen, M. J., & Yen, W. M. (1979).Introduction to measurement theory. Monterey: Brooks/Cole Publishing Company.

Anggraeni, N., Ristiati, N., & Widiyanti, N. (2013). Implementasi strategi pembelajaran inquiri terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis dan pemahaman konsep IPA siswa SMP. E-Journal Program Pascasarjana Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha Program Studi IPA, Vol. 3 hal.2.

Apino, E., & Retnawati, H. (2016). Creative problem solving to improve students’ higher order thinking skills in mathematics instructions thinking. In Proceeding Of 3rd International Conference on Research, Implementation and Education of Mathematics and Science(pp. 16–17).

Arends, R. I, & Kilcher, A. (2010). Teaching for student learning becoming an accomplished teacher. London: Routledge.

Bassham, G., Irwin, W., Nardone, H., Wallace, J.M. (2011). Critical thinking. A student’s introduction. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Cottrell, S. (2005). Critical thinking skills, developing effective analysis and argument. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan.

Chrissanti, M. I. & Widjajanti, D. B. (2015). Keefektifan pendekatan metakognitif ditinjau dari prestasi belajar, kemampuan berpikir kritis, dan minat belajar matematika. Jurnal Riset Pendidikan Matematika. Vol 2(1), 52-62.

Elliot, A. J. (2008). Handbook of approach and avoidance motivation. New York, NY: Psychology Press.

Fisher, A. (2007). Berpikir kritis sebuah pengantar. Jakarta : Erlangga.

Gable, R. K. (1986). Instrument development in the affective domain. Boston: Kluwer Nijhoff Publishing.

Glazer, E. (2001). Using internet primary sources to teach critical thinking skill. London: Greenwood Press

Johnson, E. B. (2002). Contextual teaching and learning. ThousandsOaks: Corwin Press, Inc.

Kemendikbud.(2006). Peraturan Menteri Pendidikan Nasional Nomor 22, Tahun 2006, tentang Standar Isi.

Lau, J. Y. F. (2011). An introduction to critical thinking and creativity: think more, think better.Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons.

Moore, K. D. (2015). Effective instructional strategies, from theory to practice. ThousandOaks: SAGE.

Moss, B. (2015). The enthusiasm-laffter connection. Bloomington: iUniverse.

Nieveen, N, (1999). Design approaches and tools in education and training. Dordrecht: ICO Cluwer academic publisher.

Nugraha, T. S. &Mahmudi, A. (2015). Keefektifan pembelajaran berbasis masalah dan problem posing ditinjau dari kemampuan berpikir logis dan kritis. Jurnal Riset Pendidikan Matematika. Vol 2(1), 107-120.

Oczcus, L.D. (2010). Reciprocal teaching at work: powerful strategies and lessons for improving reading comprehension (2ndEd.). Delaware: International Reading Association, Inc.

Orlich, D. C., Harder, R. J., Callahan, R. C., Trevisan, M. S., Brown, A. H. (2010). Teaching strategies: A guide to effective instruction (9th ed). Boston: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning.

Palincsar, A. S. (1986). Reciprocal teaching. In Teaching reading as thinking. Oak Brook, IL: North Central Regional Educational Laboratory.

Pliskin, R. Z. (2002). Enthusiasm: formula, stories and insights. Brooklyn: Shaar Press.

Porlzline, L. (2012). Follow your enthusiasm. New York, NY: Williamsport PA.

Prabowo, S. & Sidi, P. (2010). Memahat karakter melalui pembelajaran matematika. Makalah disajikan dalam International Conference on Teacher Education, UPI &UPSI, Bandung 8-10 November 2010.

Reilly, Y., Parsons, J., & Bortolot, E. (2009). Reciprocal teaching in mathematics. Sunshine College, Victoria. Tersedia di : http://www.aucklandmaths.org.nz/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/Reciprocal-teaching-in-Mathematics.pdfdiakses 15 Juli2016

Retnawati, H. (2016). Validitas reliabilitas dan Karakteristik Butir.Yogyakarta: Parama Publishing.

Rosnawati, R. (2013). Kemampuan penalaran matematika siswa SMP Indonesia pada TIMSS 2011.Makalah disajikan dalam Seminar Nasional Penelitian, Pendidikan dan Penerapan MIPA di UNY bulan Mei 2013.Yogyakarta: Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta.

Ruggerio, V. R. (2012). Beyond feelings: a guide to critical thinking (9th ed). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.

Sapitri & Hartono. (2015). Keefektifan cooperative learning STAD dan GI ditinjau dari kemampuan berpikir kritis dan komunikasi matematis. Jurnal Riset Pendidikan Matematika. Vol 2(2), 273-283.

Sulistyani, N. & Retnawati, H. (2015). Pengembangan perangkat pembelajaran bangun ruang di SMP dengan pendekatan problem-based learning. Jurnal Riset Pendidikan Matematika. Vol 2(2), 197-210.

Thiagarajan, S., Semmel, D. S., & Semmel, M. I. (1974). Instructional development for training teachers of exceptional children, a source book. Blomington: Indiana University.

Trianto. (2013).Mendesain model pembelajaran inovatif-progresif, dan kontekstual. Jakarta: Kencana.

Trilling, B. & Fadel, C. (2009). 21st century skills: Learning for life in our times. San Fransisco: Jossey Bass.

Urbina, S. (2014). Psychological testing second edition. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Van Garderen, D. (2004). Reciprocal teaching as a comprehensionstrategy for understanding mathematical word problems. Reading and writing quarterly. New Paltz: Taylor & Francis Group.

Widjajanti, D. B. (2009). Menumbuhkan keceriaan dan antusiasme siswa dalam belajar matematika melalui pembelajaran berbasis masalah.Makalah disajikan dalam Seminar Nasional FMIPA UNY 6 Desember 2009.

Widoyoko, E. P. (2009). Evaluasi program pembelajaranpanduan praktis bagi pendidik dan calon pendidik, Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.